72 Hours Later

72 Hours Later… Has CPW left you with this? :) So I learned two major things about myself this weekend, courtesy of you guys: 1. I apparently do not look like myself *points at the banner* (perhaps bringing a stuffed penguin with me next CPW would help? =p) and apparently I look a lot taller. 10. Wow, you dont sound like a college professor in real life! Im sure now that you guys start to head back to the four corners of America (and the world!), there will be an opportunity to relive CPW through the various guest blogs that would undoubtedly be popping up over the course of the next few days. But I just want to say something. In a word, you guys are awesome. Meeting so many of you over the course of this weekend at random events seeing how you all hail from OH, PA, VA, MD, HI, NY, MA, CA, NJ, MI, SC, GA, TX, MO, WA (just to name a few) and getting to know your passions in high school, from research (I dont know how many ISEF and Siemens people Ive talked to these few days) to violin to scuba diving to volunteering to a passion for languages to butterfly collectingit all had been wow. I am now convinced of the statement by Admissions that they are excited about this class. You guys are truly one group of accomplished people that blows my mind away. As you undoubtedly now begin to ponder your college choices and attend other colleges admit weekends (I know Princeton is next week, and Stanford the week after), I hope you have a good time exploring other college campuses (though, youre not allowed to have a better time than you did at MIT =p) in making an informed decision about where to spend the next four years of your life. But theres something you should know. One of the questions that kept on popping up over the weekend was, How much of MIT Blogs is real? Why does it always look like you guys are having a good time? MIT Blogs are real. We dont try to give you a sugered version of what MIT is like. This is real stuff. Granted, we dont always blog about our stress during the weekdays when were up tooling all night nor do we blog about the anguish of failing an exam, but hey, thats just something that comes with the rigorous, well-renowned scientific training that MIT offers. Yes, we do get stressed out at times, but we also know how to enjoy life when were not doing coursework (and there are too many blogs to that effect, so Im not going to bother linking them all). :) We hate MIT at times for keeping us up at 4 or 5 in the morning, but we love MIT for all the possibilities it offers diversity, excitement, enthusiasm, research, and a healthy dose of quirkiness, to name a few. This is why IHTFP stands for two things. This is why my EC interviewer reflects nostalgically upon her time at MIT. This is why we come together during CPW and Orientation to show you what MIT has to offer. A lot of people are wary of the statement that CPW is fake you guys are just getting this together for us, but its not like this during the school year. True we might not be having like 600 different events every single weekend, but were trying to give you a cross-section of MIT culture, to attempt to show you everything that you can possibly be involved in at MIT. We might not always be having barbecues, roofdeck parties, and pancakes at 2 in the morning, but theyre all there. Were not trying to bribe you. Were welcoming you to MIT. On Saturday, a prefrosh asked me, If you could pick only one thing that you love about MIT, what is it, and why? I said, The people. Definitely the people. What makes MIT so amazing is the excitement and the enthusiasm thats present across all facets of the Institution. Intellectual curiosity in class aside, the flow of energy in student groups, the passion in student-led initiatives are really things that make MIT students so special. MIT admits passionate and driven individuals, provides them with a place to learn, and lets the students bump into each other, do crazy stuff, and accomplish the things theyve been dreaming to do. I hope you got a taste of that during the weekend. And I hope you enjoyed the liquid nitrogen ice cream. :)

Ethical and Legal Issues Case Study - 1650 Words

Ethical and Legal Issues Case Study (Essay Sample) Content: Ethical and Legal Issues Case StudyStudents nameInstitution of learningEthical and Legal Issues Case Study Ethics is a field of study that is concerned with more principles and value. It also states that the fundamental principles that govern the conduct of people. Most of the time individual across all professional finds themselves in the middle of ethical issues (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2005). It becomes so hard in many professional to define what is right and what is wrong. Much more dilemma is added when the legal concept is included in given ethical situation. For example, the law may state that a capital sentence is allowed, but ethical issues are always raised on how moral it is killing other humans. In the medical field, heath officers have to follow moral philosophy as a guide in their practise when making decision. It is thus paramount for all heath officers to have a compressive unders tanding of moral philosophy so as to deal with patient effectively. This paper will state how values influence interpretation of an ethical dilemma, it will also examine the Frank and Ann case study and explain how the nurses would help the family decided on the moral issue at hand using the ethical decision-making process. In addition, it shall identify two journals with the same moral question and describe how they were solved. Values Influence on Interpretation of an Ethical DilemmaIn many cases, people find themselves in a dilemma on how to interpret an ethical issue with their value influence. Values are those primary acts and matters that people holds dear to themselves; those principles of behaviours that individual uses to judge what is right or wrong. On the other hand, ethical dilemma also known as a moral dilemma is a tight situation in which a decision have to be made between several option, and none of those seem entirely ethically acceptable.Values are very strong, and each person wants to uphold his/her values. In a situation when a decision has to be made in a complex situation, one is likely to consider his/her value to come up with an appropriate decision (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2005). When people are faced with an ethical dilemma, they mostly tend to make a decision based on what they perceive to be the most important. Thus, values play a critical role when it comes to ethical decision-making.In the case of Frank and Ann, we finds that, when Ann health deteriorates to an extends that she could no longer walk on herself, Frank makes a decision to have her placed in a local nursing home so that she could receive a long-term care facility. Franks had to make a decision based on what he thought was right for her. His decision to place Ann in a nursing home had an ethical dilemma; on one side he was abandoning his promise of taking care of her as he had promised. On the other hand, he wanted what was best for her, and he knew that in a nur sing home, she would get better care than on his hand. Frank used his values to decide on the issue. His principle were more on the well-being of Ann more than on the promised made; hence he decided that admission to a nursing home was the best.Ethical Decision Making ProcessEthical making decision process is a nine-step process that enable individuals and professional to make a decision that is consistency with ethical and moral principles (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2005). It involves a nine logical steps which seek to find the best-fit choice in a situation with a moral dilemma. In the case study of Frank and Ann, ethical dilemma arises and thus nurses are required to use ethical decision-making process so as to enable them to help the family in making a proper decision.The nurses first have to gather all the facts about the case of Frank and Ann (Geppert, 2010). According to their past agreement, it is a fact that both had agreed that they would not put any one of them in a b reathing machine. It has also been stated explicitly that that agreement was not put into papers. The nurses thus must understand this situation very carefully. Another thing that they need to know is that, Ann have stop taking as well as eating and thus she need more medical aid so that she can survive.The ethical issue has to be defined to assist the nurses to make the crucial decision. In the case of Frank and Ann, the moral issue was on past promise concerning individual personal health that Frank should not hook Ann in a breathing machine. The main point is in deciding whether or not a feeding tube device is equivalent to a breathing machine and if so, does use the feeding tube means that Frank violet the past agreement. Additionally, is letting Ann starve to death a murder.The affected parties need to be identified. In this case, Frank and Ann were the main parties in the ethical dilemma. Frank had promised Ann, not to let her hooked on a breathing machine, and Ann expected Fr ank to keep his promise. The other affected party is their daughter Sarah, despite having a tight schedule and two children also living 10 hours away, she has to help his father in attending to her mother. Nurses also have to support the family in dealing with the issue, and thus they become part of the affected parties.The primary consequence that may arise from the issue is the starvation of the patient to death; this may occur if Frank decides that a feeding tube is an equivalent of a breathing machine. The second consequence is the breaking of the promise made between the two parties. The last effect is the legal issue that might arise is any of the decision is taken. The nurses also need to identify the obligations that result from the issue of Frank and Ann. They have to act on the best principle of morality. They must state what is good for Ann and also examine if Ann would have done the same if the patient was Frank. The right of the patient also have to be upheld. Despite t hat a promise made to Ann is a secondary right to her, her primary right to life and medical care have to be observed and considered. Nurses also have to state what is just; between having Ann put in a feeding tubes or honouring her past promise.The nurses also have to consider what is said to be an integrity decision by many, a decision that even if it is published in a public domain or a newspaper, everyone will agree on it (Geppert, 2010). Thus, in this case, the doctor must state to the family that letting Ann die may be inhuman while as putting her in a feeding machine may be seen a kind way of treating a patient. The nurses should also shed right to the family about thinking creatively on the potential actions. The first step is letting Ann die of starvation, the second it putting her in a feeding machine. The other thing that nurses should do is letting the family check on their guts, their intuition about what is right and what unethical.Lastly, the family should be in a pos ition to make a decision on whether to keep the patient in a feeding machine or not. The legal issue involved, in this case, is on the right of the patient. Ann has a right to life as well as the right to better medical care. A decision not to put her in a feeding machine would violate these rights. It is this imperative to put this into consideration when making a decision.Journal Articles on Ethical IssueAn ethical issue of a man named as Mr H and her daughter in the article entitle The Ethical Dilemma of DNR Orders in Patients Who Attempt Suicide best fit the case of Frank and Ann. Mr H, as named in the article, had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and also was reported to have depression (Geppert, 2010). He had appointed his daughter as his health agent and in his past statement he had indicated to her daughter that he was a Do not resuscitate DNT patient at all time. One morning her daughter found her father unable to speak or follow instructions, he ha d taken several bottle of morphine in an attempt to commit murder.He was then taken to the hospital and was placed in an intensive care unit as his case was severe. In a short period, the doctors examined him and realised that he was having difficulty in natural breathing, and hence an artific...

The Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion - 1163 Words

There are many ethical dilemmas in the world today such as euthanasia, performance enhancing drugs, pornography, abortion and more. Someone’s worldview is often a big contributor in the decisions they make in regards to the dilemma. Abortion is one of today’s most contested ethical dilemmas (Beattie, 2011). Susan is a mother that is debating whether she should have an abortion or not. Her ethical dilemma case will be analyzed and compared from a Christian worldview perspective and other worldly perspectives. Ethical Dilemma In this case, Susan has finally gotten pregnant after trying for many years. After some testing, she is told that her baby has Down Syndrome. Susan asks people for advice and is told to abort the baby from a respectable doctor and professor. Despite all the opinions to have an abortion, Susan is still uncomfortable with making that decision and isn’t sure what she should do. If she chooses to abort the baby, she may never have the opportunity to have another baby again. If she chooses to keep the baby, she may have a very challenging life ahead of her. There are many things that make this decision hard for Susan. She wants to do what is right for her as well as what is right for the baby. Susan has been trying to get pregnant for many years and finally has the opportunity. She does not what to given that up. In addition, she has been given advice from two respectable people to abort the baby. Susan probably feels that if a doctor and professor areShow MoreRelatedAbortion Ethical Dilemma1643 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion Ethical Dilemma An 18 year old girl gets pregnant and can’t decide whether to keep the baby or have an abortion. Her parents are very religious and do not believe in sex before marriage therefore would not take to kindly to their daughter being pregnant. She does not want to kill her unborn child but feels like there is no other option besides having an abortion. There are many reasons that one would decide upon getting an abortion and againstRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma On Abortion1703 Words   |  7 PagesMuldrow CWV-101 6/22/15 Professor James Waddell Ethical Dilemma on Abortion There are many common pregnancy alternatives, but most often the resulting decision is abortion because it is effortless. Abortion is endings a women’s pregnancy by removing or forcing a fetus or embryo from the mother’s womb before it is able to survive on its own. Not all abortions are purposely done some are spontaneous like when a women that has a miscarriage. Rather abortion is done purposely or naturally it is a worldwideRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion1036 Words   |  5 PagesBenchmark Assignment: Ethical Dilemmas One of the most controversial dilemmas occurring today is the topic of abortion. Some believe that a pregnant woman has the choice to end the life of their unborn child if the mother decides that this is what she wants, especially because the child has not been born and walked this earth yet. Others feel that if the woman chooses to have an abortion, the woman would be considered a murderer because she is ending the life of another human. There is also the grayRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion1312 Words   |  6 PagesInduced abortion is the deliberate ending of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable or capable of surviving outside a female’s body. Abortion has been practiced in every culture since the beginning of civilization† (Kaplan, Tischauser Chara, 2015). Abortion is one of many controversial issues. It is a topic that is widely debated among many people. Abortion is a difficult topic of discussion, when the baby is a product or rape, or has Down syndrom e or deformities. According to my Christian worldviewRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas Of Abortion930 Words   |  4 PagesBenchmark Assignment: Ethical Dilemmas Abortion is one of the most controversial topics in the world today. There are many reasons and debates as to when, why or if a woman should have an abortion. One of the most controversial debates on this is when a woman finds out that their unborn child may have a deformity of some sort. In this paper, I will talk about abortion due to a woman carrying a child with Downs Syndrome and how this can be an immoral decision. Ethical Dilemma A woman named Susan hadRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion1102 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermines what is ethical and what is not? Can someone determine what is right simply relying on what they feel? Or does something drive them to know what is wrong or right? In the case of abortion, one would may ask: Is the fetus a person? At what stage in its development does, it becomes a person? Does any women have the right to decide if she is going to carry the baby to term or not? (Boyle, 2004) This paper will identify the ethical dilemma of abortion, core beliefs of abortion, and possible resolutionsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Abortion1319 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is a divisive problem in our time, and it is one that is difficult to solve as each side comes from very different initial premises. As Judith Jarvis Thomson points out, anti-abortionists rely on the premise that foetus’ are persons, and therefore are morally equivalent to human beings.1 Conversely, pro-choice advocates typically come from the premise that, as Mary Anne Warren suggests â€Å"foetuses are neither persons nor members of the moral community.† The key ethical schism, is around theRead MoreAbortion: An ethical dilemma.1944 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion, the intentional termination of a pregnancy through surgical or medical devices, was legalized in 1973. This issue of abortion has caused a great segregation in our country. Often the debate is thought to be conservative versus liberal, republican versus democrat, but more accurately it is pro-life versus pro choice. A pro-life stance opposes the belief that a woman should have the freedom to choose an abortion in the case that for any reason she does not want to have a baby. Pro-choiceRead MoreAn Ethical Dilemma About Abortion Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pageswill be faced with some sort of dilemma that tests their morals and values. They will encounter a situation that forces them to weigh the good and bad against bel iefs they have held their entire life and make a decision that could affect their life forever. Those core beliefs are what influences the person’s decisions, their sense of right and wrong as well as their perceptions about every situation they face. This paper will evaluate an ethical dilemma about abortion in relation to the Christian worldviewRead More Ethical Dilemmas Surrounding Abortion Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas Surrounding Abortion In our society, there are many ethical dilemmas that we are faced with that are virtually impossible to solve. One of the most difficult and controversial issues that we are faced with is abortion. There are many strong arguments both for and against the right to have an abortion which are so complicated that it becomes impossible to resolve. The complexity of this issue lies in the different aspects of the argument. The essence of a person, rights, and who

Emilia and Desdemona in Othell - 1084 Words

Othello - English Essay The contrasting characters; Desdemona and Emilia, form an interesting and important relationship in the play Othello. Desdemona is very #8216;sheltered#8217; from the ways of the world and Emilia is very #8216;down to earth#8217; and #8216;experienced#8217;. From this difference we see a fascinating relationship between the two of them. In the given passage, we see that Desdemona takes a very honest, romantic and loyal stance towards Othello, (this is also true of her relationship with him), where as Emilia speaks more #8216;sense#8217;... more #8216;realistically#8217;. Desdemona is melancholy but hopeful, and her defenses of true love against Emilia#8217;s more cynical view of the world†¦show more content†¦This is illustrated in the given passage, by Emilia#8217;s comments such as, #8220;Let husbands know their wives have sense like them. They see, and smell, and have their palates both for sweet and sour#8221; This further develops Emilia#8217;s character to the audienc e, as it displays her view of men, and how she believes that females are treated unequally in the world. Emilia#8217;s view of men can be summed up in one of her very own quotes: #8220;They are all but stomachs, and we all but food: They eat us hungerly, and when they are full They belch us.#8221; This view of men is a sharp contrast to the view held by Desdemona. Desdemona sees men as #8216;good#8217; for the entirety of the play. Even when she is killed for false reason, she defends them; declaring her husband innocent in her dying breath. In the given passage, Desdemona illustrates her view of her relationship and stance against doing any wrong by Othello; #8220;Beshrew me if I would do such a wrong For the whole world#8221; The audience having knowledge of this stance, adds to the dramatic climax of the play, by having Desdemona killed not only for doing something she did not do, but for doing something she is firmly against. The given passage illustrates just how naive Desdemona really is, when it comes to the ways of the world. When Desdemona says; #8220;Dost thou in conscience think/ That there beShow MoreRelatedThe Life and Works of William Shakespeare 2100 Words   |  8 PagesOthello loves Desdemona but Iago spends the entire timeframe of the play trying to ruin th eir relationship. So I would definitely say that Iago is the villain or the antagonist of this story. At the beginning of the play Othello and Desdemona get married and move to Cyprus. In Cyprus, Cassio gets into a fight, when drunk, influenced by Iago and is released from Othello’s service. Iago then convinces Cassio to appeal to Desdemona for help getting back in the service of Othello. Desdemona then tries

Durkheim’s Thesis on Social Solidarity in Different Types...

Durkheim’s thesis in regards to social solidarity, based upon his views, which explain individuals influenced by social facts. The social facts he outlined and referred to as a â€Å"thing† (Ritzer, p 185) are the languages spoken, buildings, and ethics. Durkheim viewed social facts being outside of the individual but yet powerful in shaping the individual. Social facts defined as material and nonmaterial. Material social facts visible such as buildings, while nonmaterial social facts difficult to see but as a society we know they exist. The nonmaterial social facts are customs, cultures and norms for any given society (Ritzer, p 188). Social facts according to Durkheim, required research. Durkheim believed studying the nonmaterial†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Durkheim theorized a different type of solidarity forms through Organic Solidarity. Durkheim utilized biology analogies comparing human society to organisms in science (Sociology Index). Com paring Mechanical Solidarity to Organic Solidarity, diversity is the difference, within Organic Solidarity the division of labor is an evident difference. Within Organic Solidarity individuals experience a weaker bond within society, they experience a stronger sense of self but lack a connection with others (Palumbo et al, 2005). The Organic Society is less punitive, seeking restitution from individuals who violate laws or norms (Ritzer, p 196). Durkheim presented the concept of Anomie within society, which more than likely experienced within Organic Solidarity. Organic Solidarity based upon diversity when depressions, economic crisis and personal upheaval are experienced, the individual living in Organic Solidarity may feel there is no one to talk to, and they may feel isolated and in a sense on their own. In addition, Anomie defined as a breakdown of values, norms and values are convoluted, or not present at all (Durkheim’s Anomie). Durkheim described Anomie as a cond ition where the norms of society no longer influence the individual. Individuals do not identify their place within society, and changes such as economic or personal crisis leads them to unhappiness, depression, conflict within society and perhaps deviance (Durkheim’s Anomie). Anomie isShow MoreRelatedEmile Durkheim’s Notion of Social Solidarity3007 Words   |  13 PagesEmile Durkheim’s Notion of Social Solidarity At the heart of Durkheim’s book of Division of Labor in Society is social solidarity. More than an increase in productive output, social solidarity is deemed to be the most notable effect of the division of labor. Over time, as roles become more distinct and appropriated according to one’s objective, the individuals in a society become more linked to one another. In fact, he tries to make sense of the division of labor as a phenomenon that contributesRead MoreThe Enlightenment : The Age Of Reason1126 Words   |  5 PagesAge of Reason, was an important period in the history of Western Civilization during the 17th and 18th centuries - a time of social turmoil where societies were divided between social groups and struggled for freedom, equality and democracy (Seidman, 2008: 6). This time gave rise to remarkable social thinkers, known as Enlighteners, who pioneered a new science of society (Seidman, 2008: 5). These highly educated Enlighteners believed the world could be rationally understood and organized by applyingRead MoreDurkheim s Theory Of Anomie1936 Words   |  8 PagesDurkheim developed a new methodology that studied social facts and moral questions. This essay will discuss Durkheim’s theory of anomie in societies through the transition from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity. In the age of modernity, Durkheim understood the division of labour as the initiator of the transition. Durkheim had great success in exploring these questions and theories through his published doctoral thesis. Mechanical solidarity arose with the age of the Enlightenment in theRead MoreA Research Study Of Sociology1708 Words   |  7 Pages Scientists have been looking over groups and societies and observing them for many years. In doing this they were examining individuals of different social classes along with statuses and observing their role in humankind this they labeled as the study of sociology. This evolved into a form of study beginning in the 19th century as scientists began to observe and study differences in social classes among people. The way people communicate together, the way they act, and the way they work togetherRead MoreThe Expansion Of Modernity By Ferdinand T ÓŚ Nnies1439 Words   |  6 Pagesthe decline in the natural will-based type of community, and has paved the way for less of a need for the Gemeinschaft type of society and the rise the Gesellschaft association, in which the individuals engage in impersonal and contractual arrangements, rather than a meaningful, emotionally invested relationship with others. Modernity is intrinsically disorderly because it encourages individuals to ex periment, to hope, to gamble, and to be ambitious. Its social life lacks the predictability and theRead MoreSociology Emile Durkheim and Max Weber1495 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many different perspectives on the growth of modernity. Society is constantly changing as more time passes by. People like Emile Durkheim and Max Weber both offer their own individual perspective on how the growth of modernity came about and how we have come to understand today’s society. In the 1890s period Emile Durkheim a sociologist, in France watched the transformation of society go from a ‘primitive’ stance into something more complex also known as ‘organic solidarity’. Max Weber aRead MoreThe Sociological Challenges to Religious Belief Essay902 Words   |  4 Pageshow society behaves on a whole, to answer the question, Why are people religious? Durkheim tried to show that religion, despite its importance to the religious individual, was a separate social experience. He defined religion as a unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things. Therefore we must understand sacred symbols and what they represent. As a Functionalist, religion maintains social stability by removing tension that can disrupt social Read MoreEmile Durkheim2066 Words   |  9 Pagesclass in 1882. (coser, 1971) Shortly after graduation, he wanted to devote himself to a guidance of the affairs of contemporary society. More so, he wished to make a contribution to the political consolidation of the Third Republic, which in those days was still a fragile and embattled structure. This is when he decided to dedicate himself to the scientific study of society. He decided to construct a scientific sociological system. (coser, 1971) At this time sociology was not a subject taught atRead MoreAvatar: Sociology and Jake Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagesthe themes inclusion, otherness and social solidarity take place in the movie avatar. All these three themes relate in many different ways to Jake and the atmosphere in the movie itself. The three philosophers that will be discussed are Durkheim, Goffman and Mead. The concepts that are used in this essay are to argue the thesis. Front stage and back stage, self, presentation of self, me and I (the diagram), social inclusion, organic solidarity, mechanical solidarity are the concepts that are arguedRead MoreSociology and Other Sciences7090 Words   |  29 PagesSOCIOLOGY AND OTHER SCIENCES Sociology deals with society [people];how people interact, their culture, norms, values just like other social sciences like psychology, economics, psychology which also deal with people and how they behave, their mental processes. There is also a relationship between sociology and economics which is another social science. economics deals with the production of goods and services and how they are distributed to people just like sociology which also consider how the

The Memorable Moments Of Friendship - 1417 Words

There are many valuable things in life, but friendship is one of the most important. Tom and Bob have been friends for over nine years and have shared many memorable moments. They both just celebrated their 12th birthday and were hanging out at the ice cream parlor reminiscing and eating their favorite ice-cream. As they finished their banana sundaes, Tom noticed a flyer on the window. Curious, he eagerly got up from his seat and walked over to look at it. It was an advertisement for a 10k race that was being held on Saturday, December 10, 2016, at 9:00 a.m. in the morning. There was a $150.00 prize for first place, $100.00 for second, and $50.00 for third. Suddenly, a light bulb went off in Tom’s head. Great, he thought, we can both†¦show more content†¦They also worked on different part of their body twice a day and ate the right foods. They supported each other and had a lot of fun doing it. They both were improving, getting faster, and just doing well overal l. Nonetheless, all was not perfect, they were having so much fun that they would occasionally lose track of time and not put all their energy into practice. Furthermore, they both wanted to win and since they were serious about the race they decided it would be more productive if they did not train together because of all the distractions. Moreover, Bob really did not think he needed to practice that much because he was a better runner than Tom. Bob forgot about the pact he made with Tom. In his mind, he had the race won. He became prideful and started to tease Tom. Despite Bob’s teasing, Tom knew it was possible to beat his friend even though he was a better runner. Tom continued to train hard and keep focused on his goal to win. Finally, the race was drawing near and on the Friday before the 10k run, they met up at the neighborhood track and decided to have a practice run. They met at the track both tasting victory. They got into position, on your mark, get set, go! Tom was in the lead for the first four to five laps and then Bob took the lead and won the race. Disappointed, Tom left the track with his head down; however, Bob became even more prideful and walked of the field with his head held high and chest out. Winning the race lead him toShow MoreRelatedOutline of an Essay on Memorable Moments1599 Words   |  6 PagesI. Memorable Moments Essay A. Introductory Paragraph 1. Opener: A unique opportunity to meet celebrities who have influenced American culture. 2. Thesis: Meeting Berle was one of the most memorable moments of my life. a. Body paragraph reasons i I met a lot of other celebrities. ii I made a good friend in Berle. iii My career benefitted from this experience. B. First body paragraph: other celebrities 1. Mac Davis 2. Dolly Parton C. Second body paragraph: friendship connection Read MoreFriendship1339 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships because it is full of friends.       There ought to be a course in school on friendship. Of course, some people are perfectly happy to operate with fewer friends. They might rather have a few deep and loyal friends, than many superficial ones. Others thrive best when friends are everywhere and numerous. It is not so much the number of friends that is important as is the possession of friends, period.       Friendship is a blessing, and a friend is the channel through whom great emotional, spiritualRead MoreCompetition Is An Intrinsic Part Of Human Lives1457 Words   |  6 Pagesand are more eager to work together to achieve a common goal. Therefore, I believe that bonding over a competitive activity is a reason why people partake in competitions. I asked Seth what his most memorable moment from playing Overwatch was, and he explained, â€Å"I don’t really have a memorable moment. I just remember that the matches I feel the best at are ones where I communicate with friends on and we work together to win the match† (Chapman). 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Chocolate Package Design Combined with Price Setting Free Essays

string(46) " perception of which should get higher marks\." Chocolate package design combined with price setting: A consumer purchase intention and overall impression investigation Cao Youjia, Wang Yicheng, Li Simei, Gao Junhong Abstract In our experiments, the research sheds light on consumers’ purchase intention and overall impression towards six types of combination of chocolate package and price: 1. aesthetic package with a relatively high price, 2. aesthetic package with an intermediate price, 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Chocolate Package Design Combined with Price Setting or any similar topic only for you Order Now aesthetic package with a relatively low price, 4. plain package with a relatively high price, 5. lain package with an intermediate price, 6. plain package with a relatively low price. After the six between-subject experiments, we find that package design and price setting do have influence on customers’ preference to purchase, but not as strong as our perception. On the other hand, the packaging has significance influence on the customers’ overall impression towards the product. The aesthetic package with the highest price leaves the customer the best impression. Implications for future application for businesses are discussed in the final part. Key words: Package design, price setting, analysis of variance, purchase intention. Introduction â€Å"Man shows that he is affected by appearance, by something that causes him pleasure over and above the immediate utility of the object† (Clay, 1908). Designing aesthetic products to satisfy the consumers’ need is of growing importance in marketing. As core attributes of product, such as quality and functionality, become increasingly homogeneous (Reimann, Schilke, Thomas, 2010), firms are shifting their efforts from concrete product characteristics towards less concrete ones such as package designing. This trend towards aesthetics in product differentiation may be based on the insight that aesthetic designs seem to trigger certain positive responses in consumers such as an immediate desire to own the product (Norman, 2004); an increased inclination to show off and care for that product (Bloch, 1995); and a higher willingness to pay for it (Bloch, Brunel, Arnold, 2003). More importantly, products with aesthetic qualities may be treasured long fter their functional value fades (Martin, 1998). However, little is known about the preference of purchasing and the impression when consumers experience different designed packages with certain prices. Although packaging, as an integral design element, has recently been investigated by Orth and Malkewitz (2008), they comment that there is no good psychological theory when it comes to packaging aesthetics as well as the related prices and further research is necessary. In summary, we propose that the combination of the package and the price will shed light on the consumer purchase intentions and overall impression, therefore, may enlighten the businesses to wisely appropriate the capital on packaging with a certain price. One fundamental problem limiting work in the area involves the meaning of the concepts: packaging aesthetic is indistinct and elusive construct that often is mistaken for imprecise adjectives like â€Å"goodness, or luxury, or shininess, or weight† (Crosby 1979). Because definition is difficult, researchers often depend on one-dimensional self-report measures to capture the concepts (Jacoby, Olson, and Haddock 1973; McConnell 1968; Shapiro 1973) and thus must assume shared meanings among consumers. In experiments 1a, we attempt to differentiate aesthetic from plain package design by measuring scores given by participants between differently packaged chocolate. In experiment 1b, we attempt to figure out buyers’ subjective perceptions of price. Finally, applying the data from experiment 1a and 1b, experiment 2 uses 2*3 matrixes to shed light on the underlying correlation impact with packaging and price on buyers’ preference of purchasing as well as the overall impression, which helps explain consumers behavior and gives suggestion to the domestic chocolate businesses. Furthermore, we slightly investigated the utility differentiation when the price and packaging is taken into consideration. Conceptual background and hypotheses H1. Given a certain product, when refer to the purchase intention, people are more likely to choose one with aesthetic package and relative low price, though package design and price setting have little influence on customers’ purchase intention of chocolate. Packaging is often important to the customer’s first impression of a brand, its quality, or its value (Harckham 1989). Price, the extrinsic cue receiving the most research attention (see Olson 1977 for a complete review of this literature), appears to function as a surrogate for quality when the consumer has inadequate information about intrinsic attributes. H2. Package design has significance influence on the customers’ overall impression towards the chocolate product. Aesthetic package with a relatively high price owns the best evaluation. Considerable empirical research has investigated the relationship between price and quality (see Olson 1977 for a review of this literature in marketing) and has shown that consumers use price to infer quality when it is the only available cue. Experiment 1a Overview and method In our first experiment, we attempt to differentiate aesthetic from plain packages through the scores that participant given. Our between-subjects, repeated measure experimental design included two different conditions: in the aesthetic condition, we presented chocolate packages that were pre-selected according to important visual aspects of aesthetic package design such as beauty, unity, and prototypically (Orth Malkewitz, 2008; Veryzer Hutchinson, 1998). In the plain condition, we presented the other package that was pre-selected based on their functionality and practical utility. Each trial started with a brief preparation phase show the chocolate, followed by the packaging to hold the chocolate. Picture stimuli were pretested among 32 undergraduate students, which were given aesthetics versus plain product packaging. Participants were then asked to assess the picture given as being plain or aesthetic (scale from 1 to 6). Randomly eight boys and eight girls were kept for aesthetic packaging and another eight boys and eight girls were exposed to plain packaging. The questionnaires of the experiment are attached to the report as appendix 1. Result We simply counted the number of choices in both conditions and found that participants in the aesthetics condition give higher scores than the plain condition[pic]. Sex has no effects on the given scores[pic] and[pic]. Discussion In experiment 1a, when the visual product stimuli were richer in their aesthetic appeal, participants have the inherent perception of which should get higher marks. You read "Chocolate Package Design Combined with Price Setting" in category "Essay examples" Experiment 1b Overview and method We intended to get the acceptable price range of the given image of chocolate and then figure out the relative high price, intermediate price and the low price, which will contribute to accuracy and efficiency of experiment 2. We show the same image of chocolate without packaging (the same image of the first phase of experiment 1) to 32 randomly chosen undergraduates (16 girls and 16 boys). Then ask them how much they would pay for that kind of chocolate (x/500g). As we usually don’t have a clear mind of how much the chocolate usually worth the money, we give the price of Dove chocolate as the reference point (53/500g). The questionnaires of the experiment are attached to the report as appendix 2. Result We collected the data and draw the graph as follows: [pic] And sex has no effects on the given scores[pic]. Discussion After experiment 1b, we decided to use the relative low price as ? 20/500g (minimum), intermediate price as ? 53/500g (median) and relative high price as ? 100/500g (maximum). Experiment 2 Overview and method This is our main experiment. Problem Formulation 1. aesthetic package with a relatively high price, 2. aesthetic package with an intermediate price, 3. aesthetic package with a relatively low price, 4. plain package with a relatively high price, 5. plain package with an intermediate price, 6. plain package with a relatively low price. Which Combination does the consumer most likely to buy? And which combination can get the best evaluation from customers? Determination of Sources of Information Sources of information are from text books, literature About package theory as well as information comes from experiment 1a and 1b. IV and DV The independent variables— there are two pairs of Independent Variables of our research: 1) Package: aesthetic and plain. 2) Prices: high, intermediate and low. The dependent variables 1) The intensity of consumers’ purchase intentions. 2) Customers’ overall impression towards the chocolate product. Sample We chose our schoolmates as our research participants. Forty subjects were selected from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and were randomly assigned to four treatment groups. As a total of 40 respondents participated, resulting in a data set of 40 different product choices. Procedure During the experiment, there was no evidence to suggest that subjects were aware of the different sets of experimental material provided and the subjects showed little concern in the experimental materials of others. All above has showed that our experiment is a between-subject experiment. Design of Data Collection Method and Data Collection forms We use a combination of PPT auto play and the questionnaire to carry out our experiment We separate our PPT display to 4 parts: 1. Product category and product image presentation, which lasts 4 seconds. 2. Chocolate presentation, which lasts 4 seconds 3. Package image presentation, which lasts 4 seconds. 4. Price presentation (price appear on top of the picture of the package), which lasts 4 second. Follow on, the participants are asked to answer a questionnaire about their purchase. The PPT is shown as following: PPT: pic] [pic] The questionnaires of the experiment are attached to the report as appendix 3. Result After collecting the data, we get the following result, |sources of |DF |SS |MS |F |P | |variation | | | | | | |packaging |1 |1. 35 |1. 35 |0. 77 |0. 383 | |price |2 |2. 8 |1. 4 |0. 8 |0. 454 | |interaction |2 |1. 2 |0. 6 |0. 34 |0. 711 | |Error |54 |94. 3 |1. 7463 |? |? | |Total |59 |99. 65 |? |? |? | FIGURE 1 THE IMPACT ON CONSUMERS’ PURCHASE INTENSION Judging from the data above, though we may draw the conclusion that packaging and price has no significant influence on the purchase intention as we expected. There do exist some influence when we have a glance at the following graphs, we can find that customer tend to choose the one with the aesthetic packaging and low price. EXHIBIT 1 [pic][pic] FIGURE 2 THE IMPACT ON OVERALL IMPRESSION |sources of |DF |SS |MS |F |P | |variation | | | | | | |packaging |1 |10. 167 |10. 4167 |7. 69 |0. 008 | |price |2 |3. 7333 |1. 8667 |1. 38 |0. 261 | |interaction |2 |5. 7333 |2. 8667 |2. 12 |0. 13 | |Error |54 |73. 1 |1. 3537 |? |? | |Total |59 |92. 9833 |? |? |? | We can easily find that packaging has significant influence on the overall impression. EXHIBIT 2 [pic] [pic] Another interesting discovery is that given the aesthetic packaging, when the price is higher, the overall impression improves. Discussion The purchase intention doesn’t fluctuate a lot with the change of package and price, which is quite reasonable when the attributes of chocolate is taken into consideration. We just try to sell the same chocolate and chocolate is a certain kind of food, that intensity to purchase will not have an abrupt change with the extrinsic variation. The result of the experiment also shed light on the information as follows: People are more likely to purchase what is not only cheap, but also packaged well. But a better packaging and higher price will contribute to better impression among the customers. Application Along with the research above, we also investigated other factors to influence the purchase behavior and get some useful data. Chinese people’s preferences towards chocolate, according to our experiment results, are relatively high. The index turns out to be 4. 5/6, females enjoys an even higher 4. 7/6. Therefore, there exists potential Chinese market for daily chocolate consumers. We suggest chocolate producers to provide customers with a fair price (lower than that of imported chocolate) and a plain package. What we want to stress is that in that circumstance, consumers’ experience is needed. Relatively plain and casual package can choose a relatively low price to gain bigger sales. As we can see from our data, the majority of Chinese consume chocolate only when holidays such as on the Valentine’s Day. Therefore, we suggest chocolate companies focusing on the â€Å"festivals and holiday† market. We emphasize that the design of the chocolate should be aesthetic. As we can see from our results, high-end chocolate may choose relatively high prices in order to give consumers a deep impression for the benefit of building a good brands reputation. Moreover, people are more likely to consider that kind of chocolate as gifts for others. Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. Wang Liangyan for helpful comments and suggestions on earlier version of the manuscript. The research was supported by Antai College of Economics Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Reference T Aharon, I. , Etcoff, N. , Ariely, D. , Chabris, C. F. , O’Connor, E. , Breiter, H. C. (2001). Beautiful faces have variable reward value: fMRI and behavioral evidence. Neuron, 32(3), 537? 551. Arnheim, R. (1974). Art and visual perception: A psychology of the creative eye. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. Bechara, A. , Damasio, H. , Tranel, D. , Damasio, A. R. (1997). Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science, 275 (5304), 1293? 1295. Berlyne, D. E. (1974). Studies in the new experimental aesthetics: Steps toward an objective psychology of aesthetic appreciation. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing. Bettman, J. R. , Luce, M. F. , Payne, J. W. (1998). Constructive consumer choice processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(3), 187? 217. Bloch, P. H. (1995). Seeking the ideal form: Product design and consumer response. Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 16? 29. Appendix Questionnaire for experiment 1a: Hi, we are now carrying out a survey of consumer behavior. Please choose the answer and fill in the blanks according to your OWN conceptions. Your time and kindness are highly appreciated, thank you! NOTE: This survey is carried out anonymously, please feel free to answer. A1? Please score the chocolate package on the slide PLAIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 YES AESTHETIC Questionnaire for experiment 1b: Hi, we are now carrying out a survey of consumer behavior. Please choose the answer and fill in the blanks according to your OWN conceptions. Your time and kindness are highly appreciated, thank you! NOTE: This survey is carried out anonymously, please feel free to answer. A1? How much would you like to pay for the chocolate on the slide, just write down the number in the blank. /500g Questionnaire for experiment 2: Hi, we are now carrying out a survey of consumer behavior. Please choose the answer and fill in the blanks according to your OWN conceptions. Your time and kindness are highly appreciated, thank you! NOTE: This survey is carried out anonymously, please feel free to answer. A1? Purchase intention NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 YES A2? Overall impression BAD 1 2 3 4 5 6 GOOD A3? usage SELF USE 1 2 3 4 5 6 AS GIFTS GENDER Male Female YOUR AGE__________________________________________________ B1? Do you like chocolate NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 YES B2? How often do you buy chocolate A Seldom B On holidays C Once-twice per month D Three times or more per month ———————– ?100/500g (high price) ?53/500g (intermediate price) ?20/500g (low price) ?100/500g (high price) ?53/500g (intermediate price) ?20/500g (low price) Dove chocolate? 55/500g Price Presentation (4 seconds) Package Presentation (4 seconds) Choc? 20/500g (low price) Dove chocolate? 55/500g Price Presentation (4 seconds) Package Presentation (4 seconds) Chocolate itself Presentation (4 seconds) Product category Presentation (4 seconds) How to cite Chocolate Package Design Combined with Price Setting, Essay examples